痛风的遗传基础

痛风是一种常见的由尿酸盐沉积引起的慢性炎症性关节炎。该文总结了最新的痛风遗传学基础,发现痛风的高风险基因多数与肾脏和肠道尿酸盐转运系统相关。糖酵解基因是一种异于肾和肠道尿酸排泄的血清尿酸调控路径,也为痛风和其他相关的代谢性疾病提供了新的病因学线索。基因之间的相互作用、基因与环境危险因素之间的相互作用均与痛风的发病风险相关。     

PBL教学法在核医学课间实习教学中的应用研究

目的 通过与LBL教学法对比,探讨PBL教学法在核医学科课间实习教学中的应用效果.方法 选取哈尔滨医科大学2016级临床医学专业本科二班学生72人,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组各36人,在课间实习教学中分别实施PBL教学法和LBL教学法.实习结束后,通过考试及问卷调查,进行教学法评价.结果 观察组在考试成绩、学习兴趣、学习热情、教学满意度、培养临床思维、增强知识点掌握等教学法评价指标均优于对照组,具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 与LBL教学法相比,PBL教学法应用于核医学科课间实习教学中更能激发学生学习兴趣、增强综合素质,从而提高教学效果.     

Overall survival and PD-L1 expression in patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer treated with nivolumab

ObjectiveOur facility measures programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in all patients before administering nivolumab. The aim of the present study is to clarify the association between overall survival (OS) and PD-L1 expression.Patients and MethodsSubjects in this study were 52 patients with R/M-HNC cancer (45 men, 7 women) administered nivolumab in our facility between June 1, 2017 and January 31, 2019. Mean age was 62.2 years (median, 65 years; range, 28–81 years). Histopathological type was squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in 48 cases, and non-SCC in 4 cases. We set OS as the primary endpoint and progression-free survival (PFS), overall response rate (ORR), association of OS and PD-L1 expression and association of PFS and PD-L1 expression as secondary endpoints. The cut-off for PD-L1 expression was set using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. We compared OS, PES and ORR using this PD-L1 cut-off for all patients and for the SCC group. OS and PFS were calculated using Kaplan-Meier methods. The log-rank test was used for statistical analysis, with values of p < 0.05 taken as significant. For PD-L1 immunohistochemistry assays, Dako 28-8 antibody was used.ResultsIn the all-patients group, median OS was 9.6 months and 1-year OS rate was 40.4%. Median PFS was 4.0 months and 1-year PFS rate was 37.8%. The cut-off value of PD-L1 expression for OS was 40% for all patients and the SCC group. When PD-L1 expression was ≥40%, OS was significantly better in both all patients and the SCC group (p = 0.004, 0.007). The cut-off value of PD-L1 expression for PFS was also 40%. When PD-L1 expression was ≥40%, PFS was better in all patients and the SCC group (P = 0.003, 0.009). In the all-patients group, ORR was 19.2% and disease control rate (DCR) was 44.2%. When PD-L1 expression was ≥40%, ORR was 44.4% and DCR 83.3%.ConclusionIn the present study, when PD-L1 expression was high (≥40%), OS was significantly better (p = 0.004). This finding has not been reported in other research on R/M-HNC. PFS and ORR were also better with high PD-L1 expression. Regarding patterns of progression with a PD-L1 expression cut-off of 40%, hyperprogression was significantly more frequent for PD-L1 expression <40% (p = 0.039). Therefore, high PD-L1 expression could offer a predictor of prognosis and efficacy for nivolumab. The present findings may prove useful in considering treatment strategies.     

黄葵和银杏叶提取物对实验性肾病综合征的疗效比较及机理探讨

目的观察黄葵和银杏叶提取物(ECB761)对实验性肾病综合征的疗效,并探讨可能机理。方法按体重将大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、模型 EGB761组、模型 黄葵组；正常组一次性注射生理盐水,其余各组一次性尾静脉注射阿霉素(ADR)制成微小病变型肾病综合征(MCNS)模型；两治疗组于造模2周后开始用药,各组每2周测定24 h尿蛋白,实验8周末测定血清TP、Alb、总SOD、MDA含量；肾组织作光镜、电镜检查。结果(1)两治疗组尿蛋白量下降幅度均显著大于模型组(P＜0．01)；(2)实验8周末,两治疗组血清TP、Alb升高幅度均显著大于模型组(P＜0．01和P＜0．05)。(3)两治疗组总SOD水平均显著高于模型组(P＜0．01),MDA显著低于模型组。结论黄葵和EGB761能显著降低MCNS模型大鼠的蛋白尿；其减轻尿蛋白的作用与清除氧自由基有关。     

αVβ3在胃癌组织中的表达及其临床意义

目的:研究整合素αVβ3在胃癌组织中的表达及与胃癌生物学行为的关系。方法:运用免疫组织化学方法检测胃癌组织中整合素αVβ3的表达水平,用改良的Weidner方法计数肿瘤组织微血管密度(microvessel density,MVD),探讨二者的相关性及与患者临床分期和肿瘤病理分级的关系。结果:整合素αVβ3在胃癌原发灶的表达率显著高于邻近正常胃黏膜组织(72.38%vs22.86%,χ2=8.35,P=0.032);浸润性生长、T3～T4期、有淋巴结转移和有远处转移的胃癌组织中αVβ3阳性表达率显著高于膨胀性生长(χ2=14.97,P=0.002)、T1～T2期(χ2=15.21,P=0.015)、无淋巴结转移(χ2=17.89,P=0.025)和无远处转移(P<0.05)的胃癌组织。浸润性生长、T3～T4期、有淋巴结转移和有远处转移的胃癌组织中MVD高于膨胀性生长(t=10.150,P=0.001)、T1～T2期(t=5.961,P=0.001)、无淋巴结转移(t=3.819,P=0.01)和无远处转移(P<0.001)的胃癌组织,且与整合素αVβ3表达呈正相关。结论:整合素αVβ3与胃癌组织生物学行为、临床分期、淋巴结转移状况等密切相关,可促进胃癌血管生成,其表达的检测对判定胃癌淋巴结转移程度、临床分期具有一定临床价值。     

恶性梗阻性黄疸伴急性化脓性胆管炎一期行胰十二指肠切除术的可行性分析

目的对恶性梗阻性黄疸伴急性化脓性胆管炎一期行胰十二指肠切除术进行可行性分析。方法回顾分析我院1999年至2004年施行PD手术治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸病人128例，其中，PD手术治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸伴Asc24例（A组），PD手术治疗不伴有Asc病例104例（B组）。术前按Knaus法计算每例APACHEⅢ评分，对比分析两组术后并发症的发生率和死亡率，以及APACHEⅢ不同计分段下死亡率的差异。结果A组术后并发症发生率为45．8％，死亡率8．3％；B组术后并发症发生率为34．6％，死亡率7．7％。两组术后并发症发生率有显著性差异（P〈O．05），死亡率无显著性差异（P〉O．05）。APACHEⅢ计分段分别为40分以下、41～70分、71分以上统计死亡率，两组死亡率差异无显著性（P〉O．05），组内比较，不同计分段死亡率有显著性差异（P％0．05）。结论恶性梗阻性黄疸伴ASC病例术前全面和客观的评估、及时的手术探查和决断、术中的精细操作和围手术期的综合处理是保证一期PD术良好预后的决定因素。     

加速康复外科理念在青少年特发性脊柱侧凸围术期的应用

目的 探讨加速康复外科（ERAS）在手术治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧凸（AIS）病人中的应用效果。方法 收集2016年1月至2020年12月在我院接受AIS手术治疗的138例病人的病例资料。将2016年1月至2018年6月给予常规围术期管理措施的69例病人纳入对照组,2018年7月至2020年12月进行ERAS理念管理的69例病人纳入观察组,进行对照研究。记录两组病人手术时间、出血量、术后输血人数等指标,以及手术前后疼痛程度、心理状况、生活质量和炎症因子变化。结果 观察组手术时间、出血量、术后输血人数、并发症发生率和住院时间均低于对照组（P＜0.05）,观察组护理满意度高于对照组（92.75% vs. 73.91%,P=0.003）。观察组术后24 h、3 d的疼痛视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分低于对照组（P＜0.05）;而术后7 d的VAS评分与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。两组术后7 d的焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表、简体中文版脊柱侧凸研究学会22项问卷表评分,以及血清白细胞介素-6、肿瘤坏死因子α水平与术前比较,差异均有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）;两组间比较,观察组明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）。结论 ERAS能减少AIS病人围术期失血和不良反应,有利于疼痛的早期控制,降低炎症因子,减轻不良情绪,提高生活质量,进而促进病人早期康复。     

全球各国疾控体系研究热点分析

目的 分析2000—2019年全球各国疾控体系的研究热点和变化趋势,为我国疾控体系的改革与完善提供循证依据。方法 基于Web of Science数据库,系统筛选2000年1月—2019年12月疾控体系相关的研究文献,运用CiteSpace 5.6.R5软件进行文献分析。结果 共收集有效文献9 878篇,过去二十年间疾控体系相关研究呈现总体递增趋势;预防、风险、体制、监督和联合等是疾控体系研究的高频词汇;不同阶段疾控体系研究关注的主题不同,2000—2006年间更关注疾控体系的职能定位和疾病防控,2006—2009年间更关注疾控体系自身诸如标准、监督等相关问题的研究,2009—2019年间更关注疾控体系运行模式和社会化形象的研究;研究热点聚类可归为儿童疾病预防、医疗救治、政策支持、检验能力建设、信息化管理和多学科联合防控6个部分。结论 我国疾控体系发展应更多关注机构定位和管理、人才建设方面,借鉴全国各国疾控体系的先进经验,进一步加强疾控体系防控能力建设。     

Surgical correction of bifid nose

ObjectivesEvaluation of the aesthetic outcome and functional aspect after surgical correction of bifid nose by combined Millard forked flap with external rhinoplastyBackgroundBifid nose is a rare congenital anomaly that results during facial development but the explicit mechanism is not clearly understood. Clinical findings are quite variable with a wide range of severity. Surgical correction still represents great challenge to facial plastic surgeons; extensive deformities in many cases, rarity of condition and paucity of publications are contributing factors.MethodsSurgical correction of six patients with bifid nose by a combined Millard forked flap with external rhinoplastyResultsThe aesthetic and functional outcomes were acceptable for all patients and parents. There were no considerable postoperative complications.ConclusionsThis approach is highly effective for various grades of bifid nose. Early management is preferable to avoid psychological morbidity. Secondary rhinoplasty is usually needed for cosmetic refinement.